Radiology & Medical Imaging

 Contrast Media side effects The contrast media had some negative effect on one or more organs let us look at seven common organ systems where contrast media exhibits its toxic effects Vascular toxicity Soft tissue toxicity cardiovascular Toxicity hematological changes Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Thyrotoxicosis Vascular toxicity is the toxic effect of contrast media on the blood vessels contrast media can negatively affect the two main types of blood vessels the veins and the arteries for the venous system many contrast agents are given intravenously through the veins and if you've ever received an injection you would agree that pain can be experienced at the site of injection another toxic effect that contrast has on the venous system is stasis because the flow of blood is slow in the venous system a stagnancy or stasis of the contrast media can occur in this, the contrast does not move through the vein it accumulates in one place which would cause pain that commonly occurs in th...

 Pharmacological agents used in medical  imaging Pharmacological agents  Used in medical imaging we'll be looking at their functions dosage how they're administered side effects and contraindications. A radiographic image Contrast media are not the only pharmacological agents or drugs used in radiography other drugs you'll find being used in a radiology department include antispasmodics gastrocnemius antihistamines and steroids. The antispasmodic example of this is hycacine n-butyl bromide commonly marketed as buscopan is an anti-cholinergic this means that it blocks the acetylcholine receptor preventing acetylcholine from working now acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that causes increased intestinal motility and gastric secretion it practically increases bowel movement thus when buscopan blocks the activity of acetyl column bowel movement is reduced this is good because when the abdomen is being radiographically examined bowel movement causes movement on sharpness thus...

 Contrast media is and the types of contrast media in the  radiographic contrast in our radiographic imaging series we learned the differences in tissue thickness and other characteristics of tissues determine how much radiographic contrast is produced this means that when there is a high difference in the structure of tissues like how bones and fat are different great contrast is recorded on the image a great difference in densities on the image now what happens when there is a low difference between different anatomical structures and you need an image contrast media is employed contrast media or artificial media that are used in delineating or outlining tissues that naturally have a low subject contrast this implies body parts with structures that are similar in appearance Contrast media increases the subject contrast in these body parts examples of parts that we commonly use contrast media for include the digestive system the urinary system the reproductive system and the ...

 Contrast RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING A high overall radiographic density or a low overall radiographic density also holds true for contrast an image can offer only little differences in density between different structures and be known as a low contrast image on the other hand a great difference in density between different structures can exist and this is known as a high contrast image the reason why a low contrast image gives little difference in densities is because there are so many densities present on a low contrast image ranging from light to dark this long range of densities gives the low contrast image the term long-scale contrast, on the other hand, a great difference in densities exists on a high contrast image because only a few densities are recorded on these images this is why high contrast images are also known as short-scale contrast images it might be tempting to assume that high contrast radiographic images are good and low contrast images are bad.   A high contras...

 The hysterosalpingogram or HSG is a simple x-ray procedure performed using fluoroscopy with intermittent still images for documentation in general the actual procedure takes three to five minutes the hsg is a relatively low-risk procedure but does result in ovarian radiation exposure greater than a pelvic CT scan thus repetitive 8 sets hsg procedures should be avoided and the radiation exposure time  Demonstrates performance of an HSG notice the slow filling of the uterine cavity with radio-opaque dye while the uterus is positioned perpendicular to the x-ray beam subsequent fill of the fallopian tubes are visualized with a free spill into the peritoneal cavity unfortunately many women have preconceptions that the HSG is a very painful test there is no question that the discomfort is influenced by the experience of the operator an HSG is performed with the installation of a radio-opaque contrast into the uterine cavity installation devices include instruments that fit into the...

 Intravenous Urography(IVU) It is a radiographic study of the renal parenchyma pelvic system ureters and the urinary bladder with the help of intravenous radio-opaque contrast material or dyes the other names of the study are intravenous pyelography(IVP) and excretory urography the indications of the study are the evaluation of renal function hematuria ureteric colic recurrent urinary tract infections suspected urinary tract pathology or any congenital anomaly suspected urinary tract injury there are also some contraindications to the study and these have been divided into absolute and relative contraindications the absolute. Contraindications are the history of any contrast allergy and renal failure while the relative contraindications include hepatorenal syndrome thyrotoxicosis pregnancy and multiple myeloma  The procedure of carrying out intravenous urography the equipment needed for the study is a basic x-ray or fluoroscopy equipment plus a radiographic contrast material o...

Barium Enema  The clyster examination outlines the instrumentation and provides required to perform a BE, preparation of the examination area, irrigation tip insertion distinguish some variations in procedure between the only and double-contrast irrigation. For patient preparation, the big viscus should be fully empty of all contents as a result of the retained stool will simulate little lots or false-positive readings radiographically. A restricted diet and viscus cleansing plan are commonplace for healthy patients. Preparation for patients with severe looseness of the bowels, gross hemorrhage, or obstruction is proscribed. viscus cleansing methods embrace complete enteral cleansing kits, GI irrigation preparations, and/or a cleansing enema BE equipment consists of disposable soft plastic irrigation tips and irrigation luggage ar commercially available in numerous sizes. Smaller irrigation tips could also be necessary for patients with strictures, fissures, inflamed hemorrhoids, o...

 Barium swallow what is barium swallow is a dedicated test of the pharynx esophagus and proximal stomach and may be performed as a single or double contrast study the study is often modified to suit the history and symptoms of the individual patient but it is often useful to evaluate the entire pathway from the lips to the gastric fundus Preparation one preparation needed for the study is overnight fasting to avoiding smoking or chewing gum.  Indications one dysphagia swallow difficulty to paint during swallowing three assessment of mediastinal muscles for assessment of left atrial enlargement five pre-op assessment of carcinoma bronchus and esophagus 6 motility disorders or visa figures indications seven assessment of the site of perforation eight zanko's diverticulum and cricoid webs in these cases water-soluble contrast media are used example Castro Griffin or Diana slack works nine obstructions ten gastro a show Sejal reflux disease CRB. Indications eleven assessment of a ...

Adverse reaction of contrast media(Radiology) Adverse reactions can't be seen with contrast media and we were talking about the last thing is nephrotoxicity. 5% the for toxicity happens most commonly it is in the form of acute renal failure that is transient and occurs after administration of the contrast with you any way we give contrast media if we follow the patient there would be some elevation in the serum Union and creatinine for few hours maybe days and then usual everything goes back to normal and it's not symptomatic the predisposing conditions are pre-existing lien or impairment which is up to 90 percent is the predisposing condition diabetes in 50 percent, of course, the hydration age large doses of contrast media  Hyperosmolar contrast media there is no difference okay in the matter of nephrotoxicity other other other things that are different neurotoxicity the contrast medium may cross the blood-brain barrier when is the blood-brain is damaged for example infection...