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Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

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 The hysterosalpingogram or HSG is a simple x-ray procedure performed using fluoroscopy with intermittent still images for documentation in general the actual procedure takes three to five minutes the hsg is a relatively low-risk procedure but does result in ovarian radiation exposure greater than a pelvic CT scan thus repetitive 8 sets hsg procedures should be avoided and the radiation exposure time  Demonstrates performance of an HSG notice the slow filling of the uterine cavity with radio-opaque dye while the uterus is positioned perpendicular to the x-ray beam subsequent fill of the fallopian tubes are visualized with a free spill into the peritoneal cavity unfortunately many women have preconceptions that the HSG is a very painful test there is no question that the discomfort is influenced by the experience of the operator an HSG is performed with the installation of a radio-opaque contrast into the uterine cavity installation devices include instruments that fit into the...
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The different types of Doppler ultrasound

 T he different types of Doppler  ultrasound  The differences  between the different types  of Doppler imaging commonly used in  radiology.  Pulse wave Doppler  ultrasound: When you use pulse wave Doppler ultrasound you are measuring frequency  shifts within  a narrowly defined doppler gate or  sample  that doppler gate tends to be only a  tiny fraction  of your field of view, you want to place  that doppler gate in the center of the  vessel of interest  and recognize that you are only  measuring frequency shifts  between these two little parallel lines  those frequency shifts are then recorded  to generate a waveform and that waveform  is a reflection of the relative change  in velocity  over the cardiac cycle when we angle  correct  for the direction of flow relative to  our ultrasound beam  we can then generate velocity  measurements  t...
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Contrast Media side effects

 Contrast Media side effects The contrast media had some negative effect on one or more organs let us look at seven common organ systems where contrast media exhibits its toxic effects Vascular toxicity Soft tissue toxicity cardiovascular Toxicity hematological changes Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Thyrotoxicosis Vascular toxicity is the toxic effect of contrast media on the blood vessels contrast media can negatively affect the two main types of blood vessels the veins and the arteries for the venous system many contrast agents are given intravenously through the veins and if you've ever received an injection you would agree that pain can be experienced at the site of injection another toxic effect that contrast has on the venous system is stasis because the flow of blood is slow in the venous system a stagnancy or stasis of the contrast media can occur in this, the contrast does not move through the vein it accumulates in one place which would cause pain that commonly occurs in th...
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