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Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC )

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 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC ) PTC is an x-ray procedure that involves direct-inject of contrast medium in the bile duct. These are the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine In this procedure, a thin needle is directly inserted through the skin into the liver to reach the bile duct. Indications Contraindication Equipment Patient Preparation Procedure Aftercare Complication                 Indications ERCP procedure is failed  Strictures in the bile duct Suspected bile duct obstruction Billary system delineation in the presence of intra and extrahepatic biliary calculi Cause of Jaundice Suspected tumor Anatomic evaluation of complications of ERCP                     Contraindications Suspected pregnancy Allergic to contrast medium Bleeding tendency Gross Ascites - Fluid in the abdominal cavity Sever infection at the puncture si...
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Ultrasound for Aorta

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 Ultrasound of the aorta The anatomy of the abdominal aorta runs from the aortic hiritis to the bifurcation it has three major anterior branches the celiac axis at t12 the sma at l1 the ima at l2 it has multiple paired branches of which the most significant is the renal arteries at t2 the gonadal arteries and there are four paired lumber arteries this these are the gonadal arteries the celiac artery and the sma arise from the anterior aspect of the proximal aorta, this is the select axis and this is the sma in one to three percent of patients the celiac artery and the sma arise from a common trunk this is the common trunk coming off here and giving off the celiac.  Aorta technique The abdominal aorta technique measures the aorta and common iliac arteries from the outer diameter in the ap and transverse planes. Doppler tips Doppler tips aliasing is a marker of stenosis the doppler spectrum should be obtained from the site of aliasing or turbulent flow in this case from the orig...
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Aorta ultrasound

 Aorta ultrasound  Begin by reviewing  the anatomy of the aorta we'll then move  on to learn how to perform the  ultrasound examination of the abdominal  aorta all the way from the top at the  subxiphoid process as the aorta excite  the thoracic cavity to bifurcation at  the level of the umbilicus.   Learn how to understand  the interpretation of the ultrasound  images that you will obtain using   bedside sonography   The positions of the probe for sonography of  the aorta generally we'll begin by  placing the probe in a short axis  configuration begin by placing the probe  in probe position 1 in the epigastric  region to visualize the aorta as it  enters the abdominal cavity and exits  through the thoracic cavity via the  diaphragm the probe should be configured  with the marker dot over towards the  patient's right side press down to  firmly displ...
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