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Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

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 The hysterosalpingogram or HSG is a simple x-ray procedure performed using fluoroscopy with intermittent still images for documentation in general the actual procedure takes three to five minutes the hsg is a relatively low-risk procedure but does result in ovarian radiation exposure greater than a pelvic CT scan thus repetitive 8 sets hsg procedures should be avoided and the radiation exposure time  Demonstrates performance of an HSG notice the slow filling of the uterine cavity with radio-opaque dye while the uterus is positioned perpendicular to the x-ray beam subsequent fill of the fallopian tubes are visualized with a free spill into the peritoneal cavity unfortunately many women have preconceptions that the HSG is a very painful test there is no question that the discomfort is influenced by the experience of the operator an HSG is performed with the installation of a radio-opaque contrast into the uterine cavity installation devices include instruments that fit into the cervix s
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Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC )

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 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC ) PTC is an x-ray procedure that involves direct-inject of contrast medium in the bile duct. These are the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine In this procedure, a thin needle is directly inserted through the skin into the liver to reach the bile duct. Indications Contraindication Equipment Patient Preparation Procedure Aftercare Complication                 Indications ERCP procedure is failed  Strictures in the bile duct Suspected bile duct obstruction Billary system delineation in the presence of intra and extrahepatic biliary calculi Cause of Jaundice Suspected tumor Anatomic evaluation of complications of ERCP                     Contraindications Suspected pregnancy Allergic to contrast medium Bleeding tendency Gross Ascites - Fluid in the abdominal cavity Sever infection at the puncture site Chronic liver disease Billary tract sepsis            Equipment Fluoroscopic unit with spot film ligh
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Ultrasound for Aorta

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 Ultrasound of the aorta The anatomy of the abdominal aorta runs from the aortic hiritis to the bifurcation it has three major anterior branches the celiac axis at t12 the sma at l1 the ima at l2 it has multiple paired branches of which the most significant is the renal arteries at t2 the gonadal arteries and there are four paired lumber arteries this these are the gonadal arteries the celiac artery and the sma arise from the anterior aspect of the proximal aorta, this is the select axis and this is the sma in one to three percent of patients the celiac artery and the sma arise from a common trunk this is the common trunk coming off here and giving off the celiac.  Aorta technique The abdominal aorta technique measures the aorta and common iliac arteries from the outer diameter in the ap and transverse planes. Doppler tips Doppler tips aliasing is a marker of stenosis the doppler spectrum should be obtained from the site of aliasing or turbulent flow in this case from the origin of the
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