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Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC )

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 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ( PTC ) PTC is an x-ray procedure that involves direct-inject of contrast medium in the bile duct. These are the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine In this procedure, a thin needle is directly inserted through the skin into the liver to reach the bile duct. Indications Contraindication Equipment Patient Preparation Procedure Aftercare Complication                 Indications ERCP procedure is failed  Strictures in the bile duct Suspected bile duct obstruction Billary system delineation in the presence of intra and extrahepatic biliary calculi Cause of Jaundice Suspected tumor Anatomic evaluation of complications of ERCP                     Contraindications Suspected pregnancy Allergic to contrast medium Bleeding tendency Gross Ascites - Fluid in the abdominal cavity Sever infection at the puncture si...
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Barium swallow

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 Barium swallow what is barium swallow is a dedicated test of the pharynx esophagus and proximal stomach and may be performed as a single or double contrast study the study is often modified to suit the history and symptoms of the individual patient but it is often useful to evaluate the entire pathway from the lips to the gastric fundus Preparation one preparation needed for the study is overnight fasting to avoiding smoking or chewing gum.  Indications one dysphagia swallow difficulty to paint during swallowing three assessment of mediastinal muscles for assessment of left atrial enlargement five pre-op assessment of carcinoma bronchus and esophagus 6 motility disorders or visa figures indications seven assessment of the site of perforation eight zanko's diverticulum and cricoid webs in these cases water-soluble contrast media are used example Castro Griffin or Diana slack works nine obstructions ten gastro a show Sejal reflux disease CRB. Indications eleven assessment of a ...
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Ultrasound of Acute Appendicitis

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Ultrasound of Acute Appendicitis   U ltrasound imaging of acute appendicitis  pearls and pitfalls  acute appendicitis is a common abdominal  emergency with a lifetime prevalence of about  seven percent of  the clinical diagnosis of acute  appendicitis  is a challenge to emergency physicians  and surgeons  classic symptoms of acute appendicitis  are well described  however up to one-third of patients with  acute appendicitis have atypical  presentations. Ultrasound should be the first line  imaging modality for diagnosis of acute  appendicitis As it has excellent specificity both in  the pediatric  and adult patients  the symptoms of acute appendicitis are  frequently non-specific  and overlap with various other diseases  acute appendicitis occurs at any age but  usually, between  10 and 30 years the cause of acute  appendicitis is unknown  but there are proba...
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