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Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

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 The hysterosalpingogram or HSG is a simple x-ray procedure performed using fluoroscopy with intermittent still images for documentation in general the actual procedure takes three to five minutes the hsg is a relatively low-risk procedure but does result in ovarian radiation exposure greater than a pelvic CT scan thus repetitive 8 sets hsg procedures should be avoided and the radiation exposure time  Demonstrates performance of an HSG notice the slow filling of the uterine cavity with radio-opaque dye while the uterus is positioned perpendicular to the x-ray beam subsequent fill of the fallopian tubes are visualized with a free spill into the peritoneal cavity unfortunately many women have preconceptions that the HSG is a very painful test there is no question that the discomfort is influenced by the experience of the operator an HSG is performed with the installation of a radio-opaque contrast into the uterine cavity installation devices include instruments that fit into the...
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Advanced Abdominal Ultrasound

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Ultrasound criteria of appendix ultrasound  >6mm Noncompressible structure  Pain with transducer pressure Presence of free fluid Signs of obstruction  The criteria again are going to be an appendix that's enlarged greater than 6 millimeters it is a non-compressible structure the people will have pain with transducer pressure there may be the presence of free fluid and there may be signs of obstruction or ileus so the way that we scan. we can use the linear probe if the patient size allows us and we can start by mowing the lawn at the edge of the liver or we can start down by the iliac crest if we start at the edge of the liver we're going to look for the gas in the colon as seen in this scan right here and we will follow that down until we see a tubular noncompressible structure and here we also see hyperechoic fat suggesting inflammation or stranding around the appendix just deep to the appendix we will see in this clip the iliopsoas muscle right here you can see the ...
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The different types of Doppler ultrasound

 T he different types of Doppler  ultrasound  The differences  between the different types  of Doppler imaging commonly used in  radiology.  Pulse wave Doppler  ultrasound: When you use pulse wave Doppler ultrasound you are measuring frequency  shifts within  a narrowly defined doppler gate or  sample  that doppler gate tends to be only a  tiny fraction  of your field of view, you want to place  that doppler gate in the center of the  vessel of interest  and recognize that you are only  measuring frequency shifts  between these two little parallel lines  those frequency shifts are then recorded  to generate a waveform and that waveform  is a reflection of the relative change  in velocity  over the cardiac cycle when we angle  correct  for the direction of flow relative to  our ultrasound beam  we can then generate velocity  measurements  t...
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