Basic Principles of Ultrasound

 Acoustic Enhancement

When sound transmits through a fluid-filled structure, attenuation of sound beam occur which cause cystic lesion brighter from the posterior side than the surrounding structure.

Anechoic

Structures without internal echos include vascular structures, urinary bladder, and simple cystic.

Complex

A structure that has both solid and fluid-filled areas.

Contralateral

Structures that are located on the other side of the body like the liver and spleen.

Cyst

A structure with a sharp posterior wall, spherical shaped and fluid-filled, shows good acoustic enhancement.

Cystic

In ultrasound, the cyst is described as any fluid-filled structure like a gallbladder.

Echogenic

A structure that shows echo for example normal liver.

Heterogeneous

The texture is non-uniform. The normal kidney has a heterogeneous texture.

Homogeneous

The uniform texture. The liver, thyroid, and pancreas have a homogeneous texture.

Hyperechoic

Structures that have more echogenic than their surrounding structures

Hypoechoic

Structures that are less echogenic than their surrounding structures

Isoechoic

The same echogenicity as neighboring area but not have necessarily of the same texture




 



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