Radiology & Medical Imaging

Transvaginal Ultrasound:A transvaginal scan is  inappropriate like a child or if there  is no consent or if the patient has  known fibroids so you can do a detailed  survey with a comfortably full bladder  but everyone else with the consent you would  start transfer generally so most gynie  scans are transferred channel only and  you start the examination with the  patient having emptied her bladder and  no bowel prep you count if necessary do  the transabdominal sca n. History Equipment Bladder: full or not Probe orientation Patient Position Inserting Probe Image optimization History equipment whether the patient should have a full bladder or not probe orientation positioning of the patient and where you should sit inserting the probe image optimization and then I'll show you a systematic scan with stills show you how to look at the torus and the posterior compartment and then a quick report.  Imagine a patient lying down Under your screen with her head at the marker end and her f

Penile Ultrasound  The dorsal side of the penis so in the anatomic position the penis pointing you know in the normal position the dorsal is the aspect you see so the dorsal aspect of the penis. Began there proximal so that's towards the mons pubis or towards the body and you can see here the two corpus cavernosum and the corpus spongiosum.  Labeled it dorsal penis transverse proximal take a couple pictures right you can use either the 15 or an 18 megahertz probe and then put the color doppler this exam was to rule out a penile fracture so you want to call a doppler to make sure there are no abnormal collections all right so then we go to uh dorsal penis transverse mid again you  can see the corpus cavernosum on either side this is the right side this is the left side and then the corpus one josem and as you may know or may not know the cove the fibrous covering of the corpora cavernosum is the tunica albuginea so you want to make sure that that's intact all right so a mid coup

 Pharmacological agents used in medical  imaging Pharmacological agents  Used in medical imaging we'll be looking at their functions dosage how they're administered side effects and contraindications. A radiographic image Contrast media are not the only pharmacological agents or drugs used in radiography other drugs you'll find being used in a radiology department include antispasmodics gastrocnemius antihistamines and steroids. The antispasmodic example of this is hycacine n-butyl bromide commonly marketed as buscopan is an anti-cholinergic this means that it blocks the acetylcholine receptor preventing acetylcholine from working now acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that causes increased intestinal motility and gastric secretion it practically increases bowel movement thus when buscopan blocks the activity of acetyl column bowel movement is reduced this is good because when the abdomen is being radiographically examined bowel movement causes movement on sharpness thus w

 Contrast media is and the types of contrast media in the  radiographic contrast in our radiographic imaging series we learned the differences in tissue thickness and other characteristics of tissues determine how much radiographic contrast is produced this means that when there is a high difference in the structure of tissues like how bones and fat are different great contrast is recorded on the image a great difference in densities on the image now what happens when there is a low difference between different anatomical structures and you need an image contrast media is employed contrast media or artificial media that are used in delineating or outlining tissues that naturally have a low subject contrast this implies body parts with structures that are similar in appearance Contrast media increases the subject contrast in these body parts examples of parts that we commonly use contrast media for include the digestive system the urinary system the reproductive system and the biliary s

 Contrast RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING A high overall radiographic density or a low overall radiographic density also holds true for contrast an image can offer only little differences in density between different structures and be known as a low contrast image on the other hand a great difference in density between different structures can exist and this is known as a high contrast image the reason why a low contrast image gives little difference in densities is because there are so many densities present on a low contrast image ranging from light to dark this long range of densities gives the low contrast image the term long-scale contrast, on the other hand, a great difference in densities exists on a high contrast image because only a few densities are recorded on these images this is why high contrast images are also known as short-scale contrast images it might be tempting to assume that high contrast radiographic images are good and low contrast images are bad.   A high contrast image a

 Acoustic Enhancement When sound transmits through a fluid-filled structure, attenuation of sound beam occur which cause cystic lesion brighter from the posterior side than the surrounding structure. Anechoic Structures without internal echos include vascular structures, urinary bladder, and simple cystic. Complex A structure that has both solid and fluid-filled areas. Contralateral Structures that are located on the other side of the body like the liver and spleen. Cyst A structure with a sharp posterior wall, spherical shaped and fluid-filled, shows good acoustic enhancement. Cystic I n ultrasound, the cyst is described as any fluid-filled structure like a gallbladder. Echogenic A structure that shows echo for example normal liver. Heterogeneous The texture is non-uniform. The normal kidney has a heterogeneous texture. Homogeneous The uniform texture. The liver, thyroid, and pancreas have a homogeneous texture. Hyperechoic Structures that have more echogenic than their surrounding st